Planck early results. XXV. Thermal dust in nearby molecular clouds

被引:168
作者
Abergel, A. [1 ]
Ade, P. A. R. [68 ]
Aghanim, N. [1 ]
Arnaud, M. [56 ]
Ashdown, M. [5 ,54 ]
Aumont, J. [1 ]
Baccigalupi, C. [66 ]
Balbi, A. [29 ]
Banday, A. J. [8 ,62 ,72 ]
Barreiro, R. B. [51 ]
Bartlett, J. G. [4 ,52 ]
Battaner, E. [74 ]
Benabed, K. [46 ]
Benoit, A. [45 ]
Bernard, J. -P. [8 ,72 ]
Bersanelli, M. [26 ,41 ]
Bhatia, R. [6 ]
Bock, J. J. [52 ]
Bonaldi, A. [37 ]
Bond, J. R. [7 ]
Borrill, J. [61 ,69 ]
Bouchet, F. R. [46 ]
Boulanger, F. [1 ]
Bucher, M. [4 ]
Burigana, C. [40 ]
Cabella, P. [29 ]
Cardoso, J. -F. [4 ,46 ,57 ,58 ]
Catalano, A. [4 ,55 ]
Cayon, L. [19 ]
Challinor, A. [10 ,48 ,54 ]
Chamballu, A. [44 ]
Chiang, L. -Y. [47 ]
Chiang, C. [18 ]
Christensen, P. R. [30 ]
Clements, D. L. [44 ]
Colombi, S. [46 ]
Couchot, F. [60 ]
Coulais, A. [55 ]
Crill, B. P. [52 ]
Cuttaia, F. [40 ]
Danese, L. [66 ]
Davies, R. D. [53 ]
Davis, R. J. [53 ]
de Bernardis, P. [25 ]
de Gasperis, G. [29 ]
de Rosa, A. [40 ]
de Zotti, G. [37 ,66 ]
Delabrouille, J. [4 ]
Delouis, J. -M. [46 ]
Desert, F. -X. [43 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, Batiment 121, F-91405 Orsay, France
[2] Aalto Univ Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala 02540, Finland
[3] ESRIN, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, Frascati, Italy
[4] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7164, Paris, France
[5] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England
[6] ALMA Santiago Cent Off, Santiago, Chile
[7] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
[8] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France
[9] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[10] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Math Sci, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England
[11] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[12] Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, Copenhagen, Denmark
[13] Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain
[14] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
[15] Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Astron & Earth Sci, Tokyo 1848501, Japan
[16] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
[17] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland
[18] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[19] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
[20] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[21] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[22] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[23] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL USA
[24] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[25] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[26] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy
[27] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Trieste, Italy
[28] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
[29] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy
[30] Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[31] ULL, Dpto Astrofis, Tenerife 38206, Spain
[32] European So Observ, ESO Vitacura, Santiago 19, Chile
[33] European Space Agcy, ESAC, Planck Sci Off, Madrid, Spain
[34] European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands
[35] Aalto Univ, Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland
[36] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Catania, Italy
[37] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Padua, Italy
[38] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
[39] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Trieste, Italy
[40] INAF IASF Bologna, Bologna, Italy
[41] INAF IASF Milano, Milan, Italy
[42] Univ Paris 11, INRIA, Lab Rech Informat, F-91405 Orsay, France
[43] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IPAG, INSU,UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France
[44] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England
[45] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, Grenoble, France
[46] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, Paris, France
[47] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan
[48] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England
[49] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Oslo, Norway
[50] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
关键词
dust; extinction; ISM: structure; evolution; infrared: ISM; ISM: individual objects: Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud; PRE-LAUNCH STATUS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERSTELLAR DUST; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; INITIAL HIGHLIGHTS; INFRARED-EMISSION; SPECTRAL INDEX; COLD DUST; MILKY-WAY;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201116483
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Planck allows unbiased mapping of Galactic sub-millimetre and millimetre emission from the most diffuse regions to the densest parts of molecular clouds. We present an early analysis of the Taurus molecular complex, on line-of-sight-averaged data and without component separation. The emission spectrum measured by Planck and IRAS can be fitted pixel by pixel using a single modified blackbody. Some systematic residuals are detected at 353 GHz and 143 GHz, with amplitudes around -7% and +13%, respectively, indicating that the measured spectra are likely more complex than a simple modified blackbody. Significant positive residuals are also detected in the molecular regions and in the 217 GHz and 100 GHz bands, mainly caused by the contribution of the J = 2 -> 1 and J = 1 -> 0 (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 emission lines. We derive maps of the dust temperature T, the dust spectral emissivity index beta, and the dust optical depth at 250 mu m tau(250). The temperature map illustrates the cooling of the dust particles in thermal equilibrium with the incident radiation field, from 16-17 K in the diffuse regions to 13-14 K in the dense parts. The distribution of spectral indices is centred at 1.78, with a standard deviation of 0.08 and a systematic error of 0.07. We detect a significant T - beta anti-correlation. The dust optical depth map reveals the spatial distribution of the column density of the molecular complex from the densest molecular regions to the faint diffuse regions. We use near-infrared extinction and Hi data at 21-cm to perform a quantitative analysis of the spatial variations of the measured dust optical depth at 250 mu m per hydrogen atom tau(250)/N-H. We report an increase of tau(250)/N-H by a factor of about 2 between the atomic phase and the molecular phase, which has a strong impact on the equilibrium temperature of the dust particles.
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页数:18
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