Ecosystem services altered by human changes in the nitrogen cycle: a new perspective for US decision making

被引:216
作者
Compton, Jana E. [1 ]
Harrison, John A. [2 ]
Dennis, Robin L. [3 ]
Greaver, Tara L. [4 ]
Hill, Brian H. [5 ]
Jordan, Stephen J. [6 ]
Walker, Henry [7 ]
Campbell, Holly V. [8 ]
机构
[1] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA
[2] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
[3] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA
[4] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA
[5] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA
[6] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA
[7] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA
[8] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
关键词
Air quality; ecosystem services; human health; human well-being; management; nitrogen; water quality; PLANT DIVERSITY; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER; DEPOSITION; NITRATE; ENGLAND; COSTS; DENITRIFICATION; EUTROPHICATION;
D O I
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01631.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Human alteration of the nitrogen (N) cycle has produced benefits for health and well-being, but excess N has altered many ecosystems and degraded air and water quality. US regulations mandate protection of the environment in terms that directly connect to ecosystem services. Here, we review the science quantifying effects of N on key ecosystem services, and compare the costs of N-related impacts or mitigation using the metric of cost per unit of N. Damage costs to the provision of clean air, reflected by impaired human respiratory health, are well characterized and fairly high (e. g. costs of ozone and particulate damages of $28 per kg NOx-N). Damage to services associated with productivity, biodiversity, recreation and clean water are less certain and although generally lower, these costs are quite variable (< $2.2-56 per kg N). In the current Chesapeake Bay restoration effort, for example, the collection of available damage costs clearly exceeds the projected abatement costs to reduce N loads to the Bay ($8-15 per kg N). Explicit consideration and accounting of effects on multiple ecosystem services provides decision-makers an integrated view of N sources, damages and abatement costs to address the significant challenges associated with reducing N pollution.
引用
收藏
页码:804 / 815
页数:12
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