Electronically tuned chiral ruthenium porphyrins: Extremely stable and selective catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation and cyclopropanation

We report the use of three enantiomerically pure and electronically tuned ruthenium carbonyl porphyrin catalysts for the asymmetric cyclopropanation and epoxidation of a variety of olefinic substrates. The D-4-symmetric ligands carry a methoxy, a methyl or a trifluoromethyl group at the 10-position of each of the 9-[anti-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanoanthracene)]-substituents at the meso-positions of the porphyrin. Introduction of a CF3-substituent in this remote position resulted in greatly improved catalyst stability, and turnover numbers of up to 7500 were achieved for cyclopropanation, and up to 14200 for epoxidation, with ee values typically >90% and approximate to80%, respectively. In one example, the axial CO ligand at the ruthenium was exchanged for PF3 resulting in the first chiral ruthenium porphyrin with a PF3 ligand reported to date. In cyclopropanations with ethyl diazoacetate, the latter catalyst performed exceedingly well, and gave a 95% ee in the case of 1,1-diphenylethylene as substrate.