Magnetic resonance imaging in endourology

Historically, the utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in endourology has been limited. The availability of faster and stronger gradient systems has given rise to a number of data acquisition strategies that have significantly broadened the scope of MRI applications. These methods have led to the evaluation of anatomy and function using a single modality, and we describe our experience with MRI for comprehensive evaluation of the obstructed ureteropelvic junction. We also utilize these new imaging sequences in the investigation of alterated renal hemodynamics after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and present our preliminary data on the application of MR perfusion imaging as a noninvasive technique for the evaluation of renal blood flow.