Electrochemical performance of NASICON type carbon coated LiTi2(PO4)3 with a spinel LiMn2O4 cathode

NASICON type LiTi2(PO4)(3) particles are synthesized by a modified pechini type polymerizable complex method at 1000 degrees C in an air atmosphere. The synthesized LiTi2(PO4)(3) particles are ball milled and subsequently carbon coated from the carbonization of glucose (C-LiTi2(PO4)(3)). Li-insertion properties are evaluated in half-cell configurations (Li/C-LiTi2(PO4)(3)) and delivered an initial discharge capacity of 117 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 15 mA g(-1). Carbon coating alleviates the severe capacity fading of LiTi2(PO4)(3) during cycling. A full-cell with an operating potential of 1.5 V is constructed employing C-LiTi2(PO4)(3) as the anode with a spinel cathode, LiMn2O4, which delivered the first discharge capacity of 103 mAh g(-1) at current density of 150 mA g(-1). The LiMn2O4/C-LiTi2(PO4)(3) cell retains 72% of initial discharge capacity after 200 cycles and the results suggest that, the full-cell can be used for miniature applications by replacing other rechargeable systems like lead-acid, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH.