In the present study we evidenced that progesterone could directly stimulate sperm nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in capacitated mouse spermatozoa. This stimulation led to an increase in sperm prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) production and subsequent acrosomal exocytosis. However, cGMP levels were not modified during the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction under our experimental conditions. These results suggest a functional role for nitric oxide as an intracellular messenger through, at least, stimulation of PGE(2) production during the acrosome reaction triggered by progesterone. (C) 1998 Academic Press.