Impact of declines in nutritional status on outcomes in adult patients hospitalized for more than 7 days

Objective To assess the association between changes in nutritional status in hospitalized patients and the occurrence of infections, complications, length of stay in hospital, and hospital charges. Design A prospective observational study with a retrospective component was conducted over a 7-month interval at a university hospital. Subjects A total of 404 adults (greater than or equal to 18 years old) admitted to the inpatient service for more than 7 days who were not pregnant or lactating and not a psychiatric patient were included. Main outcome measures Major outcome variables included changes in nutritional status as assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA) at hospital admission and discharge, length of stay, hospital charges, complications, and infections. Statistical analysis performed Analysis of variance with a Tukey adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to examine the impact of changes in nutritional status between nutrition change categories for continuous variables (charges and length of stay). Discrete variables were assessed using chi (2) analysis. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the development of complications and infections when compared with the reference group. Results Compared with the reference group (normally nourished at admission and discharge), patients who declined nutritionally, regardless of nutritional status at admission, had significantly higher hospital charges ($28,631 +/-1,835 vs $45,762 +/-4,021). Odds of complications were significantly greater for patients who declined nutritionally, regardless of nutritional status at admission, compared with the reference group. Applications/conclusions Declines in patients' nutritional status while they are hospitalized, regardless of their nutritional status at admission, were associated with significantly higher hospital charges and a higher likelihood of complications. Practicing clinicians should make reducing declines in patients' nutritional status a priority regardless of patients' nutritional status at admission.