Poultry manure effects on soil nitrogen processes and nitrogen accumulation in red raspberry

This study examined the effects of solid poultry layer manure addition on soil N processes and on dry matter and N accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). In trials conducted in two years, approximately 50% of the 400 kg total N ha(-1) applied as manure was recovered as soil inorganic N 1 mo after manure application when manure was incorporated within 4 h of application. Three trials were conducted in two commercial raspberry fields: one with no history of manure use and one other with a history of heavy annual applications of poultry manure. Treatments included 55 kg N ha(-1) as NH4NO3, 100 or 200 kg total N ha(-1) as manure, and a control that received no manure or fertilizer N. Soil inorganic N to 60 cm depth was measured throughout the growing season. Berry yield was estimated, and dry matter and N accumulation was determined in floricanes at first berry ripening and in primocanes at the end of the growing season. Few significant effects of N fertilization were measured for any crop yield, growth or N accumulation parameter. This was attributed to the large (> 150 kg N ha(-1)) supply of N to the crop in the unamended soil, primarily from soil N mineralization. Dry matter accumulation in the fruiting clusters was strongly correlated to estimated berry yield, and may provide a simple means for assessing relative yield within experiments. Soil nitrate measured in August after berry harvest may serve as a "report card" to assess N management in the current growing season, to refine fertilizer N management for subsequent growing seasons, and as an index of the risk of nitrate leaching over the following fall and winter in south coastal British Columbia.