Interactive effects of herbivory and sand burial on growth of a tropical dune plant, Ipomoea pes-caprae

1. This study examined the effects of insect herbivory, sand burial, and the interactive effects of these factors, on the growth of beach morning glory, Ipomoea pes-caprae, a common tropical dune plant. Levels of herbivory and sand burial were manipulated on individual shoots, and effects on stem growth, leaf production, and production of adventitious roots and axillary branches by nodes were examined. 2. Sand burial had a significant positive effect on the production of roots, but did not affect growth in stem length or leaf production. 3. Effects of herbivory were consistently negative, and persisted for 6 weeks after the herbivore damage was incurred. Stem growth rates and leaf production decreased and the production of bare nodes (with no roots or branches) and mortality of apical meristems increased. 4. Interactive effects of herbivory and sand burial influenced both leaf production and root production. In the case of root production, the effects of herbivory in decreasing the proportion of nodes that produced roots occurred only in the presence of burial. In contrast, burial masked the negative effects of herbivory on leaf production.