Flavonoid inhibition of platelet procoagulant activity and phosphoinositide synthesis

Dietary flavonoids are known for their antiplatelet activity resulting in cardiovascular protection. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) was previously reported to play a direct role in phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, as a Ca2+ target. Thrombin formation and platelet procoagulant activity are dependent on PS exposure. As flavonoids can inhibit phosphoinositide (PPI) kinases, we examined whether changes in PPI metabolism in flavonoid-treated platelets could be involved in their antiplatelet effects. Treatment with the flavonoids quercetin or catechin reduced PS exposure, thrombin formation, PIP2 level and resynthesis after platelet activation with collagen, thrombin or calcium ionophore. Flavonoids also prevented [Ca2+](i) increase induced by collagen, but not by the ionophore. The ability of flavonoids to decrease PS exposure induced by ionophore treatment could result from the diminution Of PIP2 levels, whereas PS exposure induced by collagen could also be diminished by flavonoids' effects on calcium signaling dependent on PIP2 hydrolysis. These data favor a role for PIP2 in the antiplatelet effects of flavonoids.