Development of an efficient photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction using rhenium(l) complexes based on mechanistic studies

The reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction using rhenium(l) complexes has been investigated by means of a detailed comparison of the photocatalyses of three rhenium(l) complexes, fac[Re(bpy)(CO)(3)L] (L = SCN- (1-NCS), Cl- (1-CI), and CN- (1-CN)). The corresponding one-electron-reduced species (OER) of the complexes play two important roles in the reaction: (a) capturing CO2 after loss of the monodentate ligand (L) and (b) donation of the second electron to CO2 by another OER without loss of L. In the case of 1-NICS, the corresponding OER has both of the capabilities in the photocatalytic reaction, resulting in more efficient CO formation (with a quantum yield of 0.30) than that of 1-CI (quantum yield of 0.16), for which OER species have too short a lifetime to accumulate during the photocatalytic reaction. On the other hand, 1-CN showed no photocatalytic ability, because the corresponding OER species does not dissociate the CN- ligand. Based on this mechanistic information, the most efficient photocatalytic system was successfully developed using a mixed system with fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)(3)(CH3CN)](+) and fac-[Re4,4'-(MeO)(2)bpy}(CO)(3){P(OEt)(3)}](+), for which the optimized quantum yield for CO formation was 0.59.