In the Giant mine, Yellowknife, NWT, Canada, about 260,000 tons of arsenic trioxide (ca. 80% pure) are stored underground in old mine workings and in specially constructed chambers. The options for safe management of this material are discussed. Some promising results, in terms of long-term leachability of material containing up to 50% mine dust, are being obtained from mine dust/bitumen materials. Many fungi such as Aleurodiscus farlowii grow underground: some of these have been identified by using 28S ribosomal RNA gene (28S rRNA gene) analysis and their biochemistry with respect to arsenic metabolism is described. A white solid that is deposited in some regions of the mine is a mixture of calcium sulfate (Gypsum) and magnesium arsenate (Roesslerite).