Determination of carotenoids in Dunaliella salina cultivated in Taiwan and antioxidant capacity of the algal carotenoid extract

A simple HPLC method with good separation efficiency was developed to determine all-trans and cis forms of carotenoids in Dunaliella salina cultivated in Taiwan. The analysis used a C30 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 mu m) and an isocratic solvent system (flow rate = 1 mL/min) mixing methanol-acetonitrile-water (84/14/2, v/v/v) and methylene chloride, (75/25, v/v). Carotenoids were detected at 450 nm. Moreover, the antioxidant capacities of the algal carotenoid extract were also evaluated with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Results showed that 7 carotenoids in the algal extract could be separated simultaneously within 30 min and the total amount of them was 290.77 mg/ g algae. The contents of all-trans-beta-carotene and 9- or 9'-cis-beta-carotene, the major carotenoids in the algae, were 138.25 and 124.65 mg/g algae, respectively. The contents of all-trans-lutein, all-trans-zeaxanthin, 13- or 13'-cis-beta-carotene, all-trans-alpha-carotene and 9- or 9'-cis-alpha-carotene were 6.55, 11.27, 4.95, 2.69, and 2.41 mg/g algae, respectively. The algal carotenoid extract had significantly higher antioxidant activity than all-trans forms of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin in all antioxidant assays. The cis forms of carotenoids, especially 9- or 9'-cis-beta-carotene, might play crucial roles for the antioxidant capacities of the algal extract. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.