Gastrointestinal complications of renal failure

Gastrointestinal complaints are seen in up to 75% of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Pathologic changes in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas are frequently seen in these patients, as well. The causes of these complaints and changes are most likely the retained uremic toxins associated with the dialyzed patient. Uremic toxins that are not well removed during routine dialysis seem to play a role in the changes seen in the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. This article reviews some of the documented abnormalities associated with ESRD in the gastrointestinal tract.