Measurements of the infrared emissivity of a wind-roughened sea surface

Spectral statistical-analysis techniques were developed and applied to high-spectral-resolution infrared measurements of the sea surface. The effective incidence angle of a ship-borne instrument in typical at-sea conditions was found to introduce errors of up to 0.7 K in sea-surface temperature retrievals at a 55degrees view angle. The sea-surface emissivity was determined over the 8-12-mum window at view angles of 40degrees and 55degrees and at wind speeds up to 13 ms(-1). The emissivity was found to increase in magnitude with increasing wind speed, rather than decrease, as predicted by widely used parameterizations. Use of these parameterizations can cause significant bias in remote sensing of sea-surface temperature in noncalm conditions. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America.