Characterization of mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial oxygen consuming reactions in human hematopoietic stem cells - Novel evidence of the occurrence of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

This study was aimed to characterize the mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial oxygen consuming reactions in human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells. Cell samples were collected by apheresis following pre-conditioning by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and isolated by anti-CD34 positive immunoselection. Polarographic analysis of the CN-sensitive endogenous cell respiration revealed a low mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Differential absorbance spectrometry on whole cell lysate and two-dimensional blue native-PAGE analysis of mitoplast proteins confirmed a low amount of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes thus qualifying the hematopoietic stem cell as a poor oxidative phosphorylating cell type. Confocal microscopy imaging showed, however, that the intracellular content of mitochondria was not homogeneously distributed in the CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cell sample displaying a clear inverse correlation of their density with the expression of the CD34 commitment marker. About half of the endogenous oxygen consumption was extra-mitochondrial and completely inhibitable by enzymatic scavengers of reactive oxygen species and by diphenylene iodinium. By spectral analysis, flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and immunoprecipitation it was shown that the extra-mitochondrial oxygen consumption was contributed by the NOX2 and NOX4 isoforms of the O-2(radical anion) producer plasma membrane NAD(P) H oxidase with low constitutive activity. A model is proposed suggesting for the NAD( P) H oxidase a role of O-2 sensor and/or ROS source serving as redox messengers in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways leading ( or contributing) to mitochondriogenesis, cell survival, and differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells.