Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability

被引:1375
作者
Folke, Carl [1 ,2 ]
Carpenter, Stephen R. [3 ]
Walker, Brian [1 ,4 ]
Scheffer, Marten [5 ]
Chapin, Terry [6 ]
Rockstrom, Johan [1 ,7 ]
机构
[1] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Inst Ecol Econ, Stockholm, Sweden
[3] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[4] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia
[5] Wageningen Univ Agr, Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands
[6] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
[7] Stockholm Environm Inst, Stockholm, Sweden
来源
ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY | 2010年 / 15卷 / 04期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
adaptability; adaptation; resilience; social-ecological systems; transformability; transformation; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; BACK;
D O I
10.5751/es-03610-150420
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Resilience thinking addresses the dynamics and development of complex social-ecological systems (SES). Three aspects are central: resilience, adaptability and transformability. These aspects interrelate across multiple scales. Resilience in this context is the capacity of a SES to continually change and adapt yet remain within critical thresholds. Adaptability is part of resilience. It represents the capacity to adjust responses to changing external drivers and internal processes and thereby allow for development along the current trajectory (stability domain). Transformability is the capacity to cross thresholds into new development trajectories. Transformational change at smaller scales enables resilience at larger scales. The capacity to transform at smaller scales draws on resilience from multiple scales, making use of crises as windows of opportunity for novelty and innovation, and recombining sources of experience and knowledge to navigate social-ecological transitions. Society must seriously consider ways to foster resilience of smaller more manageable SESs that contribute to Earth System resilience and to explore options for deliberate transformation of SESs that threaten Earth System resilience.
引用
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页数:9
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