[1] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Gen Internal Med, Med Ctr, 230 McKee Pl,Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[2] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med Social Sci, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
[3] McMaster Univ, Dept Econ, Hamilton, ON, Canada
[4] Hlth Utilities Inc, Dundas, ON, Canada
[5] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[6] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Polit & Strategy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[7] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA USA
[8] Univ Utah, Div Hlth Syst Innovat & Res, Sch Hlth Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA
[9] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[10] Evidera, Outcomes Res, Bethesda, MD USA
[11] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Gen Internal Med, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[12] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[13] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Cincinnati, OH USA
[14] Cincinnati VA Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA