Pregnenolone sulfate, a naturally occurring excitotoxin involved in delayed retinal cell death

被引:26
作者
Cascio, C
Guarneri, R
Russo, D
De Leo, G
Guarneri, M
Piccoli, F
Guarneri, P
机构
[1] CNR, Ist Biol Sviluppo, I-90100 Palermo, Italy
[2] CNR, Ist Metodol Diagnost Avanzata, Lab Elettromicroscopia, I-90100 Palermo, Italy
[3] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Biopatol & Metodol Biomed, Sez Biol & Genet, Palermo, Italy
[4] Univ Palermo, Ist Neuropsichiat, Palermo, Italy
[5] Univ Palermo, Fac Med & Chirurg, Palermo, Italy
关键词
apoptosis; pregnenolone sulfate; NMDA receptors; DNA fragmentation; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; progesterone; dehydroepiandrosterone; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ester; 17; beta-estradiol;
D O I
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0742380.x
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The present study was designed to investigate the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PS), known for its ability to modulate NMDA receptors and interfere with acute excitotoxicity, in delayed retinal cell death. Three hours after exposure of the isolated and intact retina to a 30-min PS pulse, DNA fragmentation as assessed by genomic DNA gel electrophoresis and a modified in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method appeared concurrently with an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels. At 7 h, the increased amount of DNA laddering was accompanied by a higher number of TUNEL-positive cells in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. Necrotic signs were characterized by DNA smear migration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and damage mainly in the inner nuclear layer. PS-induced delayed cell death was markedly reduced by the NMDA receptor antagonists 4-(3-phosphonopropyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one sulfate but completely blocked after concomitant addition of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. Steroids with antioxidant properties (progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate ester, and 17 beta-estradiol) differently prevented PS-induced delayed cell death. Cycloheximide treatment protected against DNA fragmentation and LDH release but failed to prevent the rise in SOD activity and TBARS level. We conclude that a brief PS pulse causes delayed cell death in a slowly evolving apoptotic fashion characterized by a cycloheximide-sensitive death program downstream of reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation, turning into secondary necrosis in a retinal cell subset.
引用
收藏
页码:2380 / 2391
页数:12
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