Dual-process theories of reasoning: Contemporary issues and developmental applications

被引:205
作者
Evans, Jonathan St B. T. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Plymouth, Sch Psychol, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England
关键词
Dual processes; Reasoning; Cognitive development; Hypothetical thinking; WORKING-MEMORY CAPACITY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; BELIEF BIAS; MENTAL MODELS; SYSTEMS; CONDITIONALS; CAUSAL; INTEGRATION; RETRIEVAL; CONFLICT;
D O I
10.1016/j.dr.2011.07.007
中图分类号
B844 [发展心理学(人类心理学)];
学科分类号
040202 ;
摘要
In this paper, I discuss the current state of theorising about dual processes in adult performance on reasoning and decision making tasks, in which Type 1 intuitive processing is distinguished from Type 2 reflective thinking. I show that there are many types of theory some of which distinguish modes rather than types of thinking and that assumptions about underlying cognitive architecture vary. I show that some dual-system theories have been replaced recently by the idea that we have two or more distinct 'minds' with different evolutionary histories. I also present the most recent formulation of my own account of dual processing within hypothetical thinking theory, at a level more easily applied to performance on specific tasks. I then consider implications for cognitive development, pointing out that while Type 2 thinking is clearly linked to the development of cognitive ability, it combines and competes with multiple Type 1 processing systems which persist in adult cognition, each of which could have their own developmental time course. Hence, while dual-process theories can and should inspire much research and theory in cognitive development, the derivation of predictions for cognitive development is far from straightforward. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:86 / 102
页数:17
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