Substantial Contribution of Submicroscopical Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Carriage to the Infectious Reservoir in an Area of Seasonal Transmission

被引:147
作者
Ouedraogo, Andre Lin [1 ,2 ]
Bousema, Teun [3 ]
Schneider, Petra [4 ]
de Vlas, Sake J. [5 ]
Ilboudo-Sanogo, Edith [1 ]
Cuzin-Ouattara, Nadine [1 ]
Nebie, Issa [1 ]
Roeffen, Will [2 ]
Verhave, Jan Peter [2 ]
Luty, Adrian J. F. [2 ]
Sauerwein, Robert [2 ]
机构
[1] Ctr Natl Rech & Format le Paludisme, Dept Biomed Sci, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
[2] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
[3] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England
[4] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
[5] Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands
来源
PLOS ONE | 2009年 / 4卷 / 12期
基金
英国惠康基金;
关键词
MALARIA TRANSMISSION; BURKINA-FASO; BLOCKING VACCINES; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; WESTERN KENYA; MOSQUITOS; COMBINATION; POPULATIONS; CHILDREN; THAILAND;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0008410
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Background: Man to mosquito transmission of malaria depends on the presence of the sexual stage parasites, gametocytes, that often circulate at low densities. Gametocyte densities below the microscopical threshold of detection may be sufficient to infect mosquitoes but the importance of submicroscopical gametocyte carriage in different transmission settings is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings: Membrane feeding experiments were carried out on 80 children below 14 years of age at the end of the wet season in an area of seasonal malaria transmission in Burkina Faso. Gametocytes were quantified by microscopy and by Pfs25-based quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay (QT-NASBA). The children's infectiousness was determined by membrane feeding experiments in which a venous blood sample was offered to locally reared Anopheles mosquitoes. Gametocytes were detected in 30.0% (24/80) of the children by microscopy compared to 91.6% (65/71) by QT-NASBA (p < 0.001). We observed a strong association between QT-NASBA gametocyte density and infection rates (p = 0.007). Children with microscopically detectable gametocytes were more likely to be infectious (68.2% compared to 31.7% of carriers of submicroscopical gametocytes, p = 0.001), and on average infected more mosquitoes (13.2% compared to 2.3%, p < 0.001). However, because of the high prevalence of submicroscopical gametocyte carriage in the study population, carriers of sub-microscopical gametocytes were responsible for 24.2% of the malaria transmission in this population. Conclusions/Significance: Submicroscopical gametocyte carriage is common in an area of seasonal transmission in Burkina Faso and contributes substantially to the human infectious reservoir. Submicroscopical gametocyte carriage should therefore be considered when implementing interventions that aim to reduce malaria transmission.
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页数:5
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