Vascular endothelium as a contributor of plasma sphingosine 1-phosphate

被引:404
作者
Venkataraman, Krishnan [1 ,2 ]
Lee, Yong-Moon [4 ,5 ]
Michaud, Jason [1 ,2 ]
Thangada, Shobha [1 ,2 ]
Ai, Youxi [1 ,2 ]
Bonkovsky, Herbert L. [3 ]
Parikh, Nehal S. [6 ]
Habrukowich, Cheryl [1 ,2 ]
Hla, Timothy [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Vasc Biol, Dept Cell Biol,Dept Med & Mol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
[2] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Microbial & Struct Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
[3] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Liver Biliary Pancreat Ctr, Farmington, CT USA
[4] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Chonju, South Korea
[5] Chungbuk Natl Univ, CBITRC, Chonju, South Korea
[6] Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Oncol, Hartford, CT USA
关键词
sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P); sphingosine kinase (Sphk); S1P lyase (Sgpl); plasma S1P gradient; Shear stress;
D O I
10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.165845
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), an abundant lipid mediator in plasma, regulates vascular and immune cells by activating S1P receptors. In this report, we investigated the mechanisms by which high plasma S1P levels are maintained in mice. We found that plasma S1P turns over rapidly with a half-life of approximate to 15 minutes, suggesting the existence of a high-capacity biosynthetic source(s). Transplantation of bone marrow from wild-type to Sphk1(-/-)Sphk2(+/-) mice restored plasma S1P levels, suggesting that hematopoietic cells are capable of secreting S1P into plasma. However, plasma S1P levels were not appreciably altered in mice that were thrombocytopenic, anemic, or leukopenic. Surprisingly, reconstitution of Sphk1(-/-)Sphk2(+/-) bone marrow cells into wild-type hosts failed to reduce plasma S1P, suggesting the existence of an additional, nonhematopoietic source for plasma S1P. Adenoviral expression of Sphk1 in the liver of Sphk1(-/-) mice restored plasma S1P levels. In vitro, vascular endothelial cells, but not hepatocytes, secreted S1P in a constitutive manner. Interestingly, laminar shear stress downregulated the expression of S1P lyase (Sgpl) and S1P phosphatase-1 (Sgpp1) while concomitantly stimulating S1P release from endothelial cells in vitro. Modulation of expression of endothelial S1P lyase with small interfering RNA and adenoviral expression altered S1P secretion, suggesting an important role played by this enzyme. These data suggest that the vascular endothelium, in addition to the hematopoietic system, is a major contributor of plasma S1P.
引用
收藏
页码:669 / 676
页数:8
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