Comments on the ideal polarisability of electrodes displaying cpe-type capacitance dispersion

The electrode capacitance of solid electrodes usually exhibits a frequency dispersion described by a constant phase element. According to Zoltowski, an electrode with cpe behaviour can never be an ideally polarizable electrode. This opinion was criticized by Lang and Heusler. Accepting that the cpe frequency dispersion of a solid electrode cannot hold in the limit of zero frequency, cpe behaviour is compatible with ideal polarizability. The definition of the ideally polarizable electrode is compatible with displacement currents following a change of state, even if these currents are connected with adsorption in the interphase. The time to establish adsorption equilibrium at solid electrodes is very long due to slow processes in the solid.