Evaluation of overspraying as an alternative to seed treatment for application of Flight Control® bird repellent to newly planted rice

被引:8
作者
Avery, ML
Tillman, EA
Humphrey, JS
Cummings, JL
York, DL
Davis, JE
机构
[1] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA
[2] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA
关键词
Agelaius phoeniceus; anthraquinone; bird repellent; blackbird; crop damage; rice; seed treatment;
D O I
10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00012-0
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Anthraquinone is a promising candidate as a repellent to protect newly planted rice from blackbird depredation. Current technology for applying chemicals to rice seed prior to planting might be incompatible with the relatively large volume of bird repellent material needed on rice seeds. Therefore, an alternate method of application, overspraying the field after the seed is planted, could prove more efficient and practical. We examined this approach in pen and field trials. In group pen tests, red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) consistently avoided Flight Control (50% anthraquinone) applications equivalent to 23.3 and 37.21/ha, but were net deterred by 9.31/ha. Several test birds vomited after they fed on treated seeds. In a 0.2 ha flight pen, blackbird flocks removed 58% of rice seed from untreated plots compared to 6% taken from plots sprayed with Flight Control at a rate of 18.61/ha. In southwestern Louisiana, plots of newly planted rice were sprayed with Flight Control at either 9.3 or 18.61/ha. We did not observe blackbird repellency at any of the treated sites. Anthraquinone residues on rice from the test plots indicated that there was insufficient repellent on the seeds in the fields to deter depredating blackbirds. For overspraying to be practical and effective, methods must be: devised to deliver the chemical more efficiently to the planted seeds. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:225 / 230
页数:6
相关论文
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