Critical role of amino acid 23 in mediating activity and specificity of vinckepain-2, a papain-family cysteine protease of rodent malaria parasites

被引:32
作者
Singh, A
Shenai, BR
Choe, Y
Gut, J
Sijwali, PS
Craik, CS
Rosenthal, PJ [1 ]
机构
[1] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[2] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
关键词
falcipain; haemoglobin; Plasmodium; proteinase;
D O I
10.1042/BJ20020753
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Cysteine proteases of Plasmodium falciparum, known as falcipains, have been identified as haemoglobinases and potential drug targets. As anti-malarial drug discovery requires the analysis of non-primate malaria, genes encoding related cysteine proteases of the rodent malaria parasites P. vinckei (vinckepain-2) and P. berghei (berghepain-2) were characterized. These genes encoded fairly typical papain-family proteases, but they contained an unusual substitution of Gly(23) with Ala (papain numbering system). Vinckepain-2 was expressed in Escherichia coli, solubilized, refolded and autoprocessed to an active enzyme. The protease shared important features with the falcipains, including an acidic pH optimum, preference for reducing conditions, optimal cleavage of peptide substrates with P2 Leu and ready hydrolysis of haemoglobin. However, key differences between the plasmodial proteases were identified. In particular, vinckepain-2 showed very different kinetics against many substrates and an unusual preference for peptide substrates with P1 Gly. Replacement of Ala(23) with Gly remarkably altered vinckepain-2, including loss of the PI Gly substrate preference, markedly increased catalytic activity (k(cat)/k(m) increased approx. 100-fold) and more rapid autohydrolysis. The present study identifies key animal-model parasite targets. It indicates that drug discovery studies must take into account important differences between plasmodial proteases and sheds light on the critical role of amino acid 23 in catalysis by papain-family proteases.
引用
收藏
页码:273 / 281
页数:9
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