Intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior: How do kids become antisocial adults?

Exposure to many potential environmental risk factors for child antisocial behavior is associated with one of the strongest predictors of antisocial behavior, a family history of antisociality. Because most studies of putative environmental factors do not take into account genetic propensities for antisocial behavior shared between parent and child, the possibility of genetic contributions to these "environmental" markers is typically not evaluated. In this paper, we review research on the environmental correlates of antisociality, their association with parental antisociality, and highlight findings from studies that have controlled for either genetic propensities or parental antisociality. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.