Psychological distress in patients with ICD recall

Background: Multiple clinical trials have shown that a properly functioning implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is capable of interrupting sudden death caused by ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, ICDs are complex medical devices, and they do not always perform as expected or they may fail completely. Exposure of ICD recipients to professional or media reports that their specific device type is potentially malfunctioning could negatively influence their psychological status. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and quantify psychological distress in patients implanted with an ICD-recall device. Thirty patients implanted with ICD-recall devices (ICD-recall group) and 25 patients with unaffected ICD devices (ICD-control group) were interviewed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (a psychological self-report symptom scale). Results: Mean values of all primary psychiatric distress symptom dimensions and global indices were within the normal range for both the ICD-recall and the ICD-control group. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was a predictor of higher distress symptoms in all categories, independently of the ICD group. NYHA II group patients tended toward higher stress levels than the NYHA I group, but only somatization was significantly different. An upward, but not significant, trend in 7 of the 12 scales was associated with symptomatic shock experience. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that psychological distress was not significantly increased in patients recently informed about a potential malfunction of their device.