Immunogenic characterization of a tissue culture-derived vaccine that affords partial protection against avian coccidiosis

The immunogenicity of a tissue culture-derived vaccine generated from an Eimeria tenella-infected cell line in a serologically defined bird line, and the ability to confer protection against homologous challenge in young chicks was examined. The cell Line, SB-CEV-1/F7, was infected with E. tenella sporozoites and the resulting 72-h postinfection cell-free supernatants were adjuvanted and used to immunize Leghorn chicks homozygous for the B-19 haplotype. Peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes from these immunized birds proliferated in vitro in response to both sporozoite and SB-CEV-1/F7 tissue culture-derived parasite antigens. In addition, splenic immune lymphocytes obtained from birds previously exposed to E. tenella in vivo responded to these tissue culture-derived parasite antigens in vitro. To evaluate the efficacy of the vaccine, (BB19)-B-19 chicks were vaccinated s.c. with adjuvanted 72-h postinfection cell-free supernatants or an ammonium sulfate precipitate derivative thereof, orally boosted, and then subjected to homologous parasite challenge at 10 d of age. The level of protection (body weight gain, cecal lesions) was assessed 6 d after challenge. Performance results from four battery trials demonstrated that vaccinated birds were significantly protected against weight loss compared to unimmunized, challenged controls. In addition, in two of the four trials, vaccinated birds were significantly protected against lesions. These results provide strong evidence that tissue culture-derived parasite antigens obtained from the E. tenella-infected SB-CEV-1/F7 cell line are immunogenic in birds and can provide partial protection against E. tenella clinical coccidiosis.