Early acute prediction of improvement in ejection fraction after myocardial infarction using low dose dobutamine echocardiography

Objective: To evaluate the relation between changes in ejection fraction during the first three months after acute myocardial infarction and myocardial viability. Patients: Myocardial viability was assessed using low dose dobutamine echocardiography in 107 patients at mean (SD) 3 (1) days after acute myocardial infarction. Cross sectional echocardiography was repeated three months later. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were determined from apical views using the Simpson biplane formula. Results: In patients with viability, ejection fraction increased by 4.4 (4.3)%; in patients without viability it remained unchanged (0.04 (3.6)%; p < 0.001). A >= 5% increase in ejection fraction was present in 2 1 of 107 patients (20%). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that myocardial viability in >= 2 segments predicted this increase in ejection fraction with a sensitivity of 81 % and a specificity of 65%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to define which clinical and echocardiographic variables were related to >= 5% improvement in ejection fraction. Myocardial viability, non-Q wave infarction, and anterior infarction all emerged as independent predictors, myocardial viability being the best (chi(2) = 14.5; p = 0.0001). Using the regression equation, the probability of >= 5% improvement in ejection fraction for patients with a non-Q wave anterior infarct with viability was 73%, and for patients with a Q wave inferior infarct without viability, only 2%. Conclusions: Myocardial viability after acute myocardial infarction is the single best predictor of improvement in ejection fraction. In combination with infarct location and Q wave presence, the probability of >= 5% improvement can be estimated in individual patients at the bedside.