Playing for half the deck: the molecular biology of meiosis

Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes carried by a diploid organism by half, partitioning precisely one haploid genome into each gamete. The basic events of meiosis reflect three meiosis-specific processes: first, pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes; second, high-frequency, precisely controlled, reciprocal crossover; third, the regulation of sister-chromatid cohesion (SCC), such that during anaphase 1, SCC is released along the chromosome arms, but not at the centromeres. The failure of any of these processes can result in aneuploidy or a failure of meiotic segregation.