T Cells Actively Infiltrate the White Matter of the Aging Monkey Brain in Relation to Increased Microglial Reactivity and Cognitive Decline

被引:33
作者
Batterman, Katelyn V. [1 ]
Cabrera, Payton E. [1 ]
Moore, Tara L. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Rosene, Douglas L. [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Lab Cognit Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA
[2] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Lab Intervent Cort Injury & Cognit Decline, Boston, MA 02118 USA
[3] Boston Univ, Ctr Syst Neurosci, Boston, MA 02215 USA
关键词
myelin; T cells; aging; cognitive decline; microglia; blood brain barrier; white matter;
D O I
10.3389/fimmu.2021.607691
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
071005 [微生物学]; 100108 [医学免疫学];
摘要
Normal aging is characterized by declines in processing speed, learning, memory, and executive function even in the absence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In normal aging monkeys and humans, neuronal loss does not account for cognitive impairment. Instead, loss of white matter volume and an accumulation of myelin sheath pathology begins in middle age and is associated with cognitive decline. It is unknown what causes this myelin pathology, but it likely involves increased neuroinflammation in white matter and failures in oligodendrocyte function (maturation and repair). In frontal white matter tracts vulnerable to myelin damage, microglia become chronically reactive and secrete harmful pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite being in a phagocytic state, these microglia are ineffective at phagocytosing accruing myelin debris, which directly inhibits myelin sheath repair. Here, we asked whether reported age-related increases in pro-inflammatory markers were accompanied by an adaptive immune response involving T cells. We quantified T cells with immunohistochemistry in the brains of 34 cognitively characterized monkeys and found an age-related increase in perivascular T cells that surround CNS vasculature. We found a surprising age-related increase in T cells that infiltrate the white matter parenchyma. In the cingulum bundle the percentage of these parenchymal T cells increased with age relative to those in the perivascular space. In contrast, infiltrating T cells were rarely found in surrounding gray matter regions. We assessed whether T cell infiltration correlated with fibrinogen extravasation from the vasculature as a measure of BBB leakiness and found no correlation, suggesting that T cell infiltration is not a result of passive extravasation. Importantly, the density of T cells in the cingulum bundle correlated with microglial reactivity and with cognitive impairment. This is the first demonstration that T cell infiltration of white matter is associated with cognitive decline in the normal aging monkey.
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页数:17
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