The PROWQM physical-biological model with benthic-pelagic coupling applied to the northern North Sea

被引:29
作者
Lee, JY
Tett, P
Jones, K
Luyten, P
Smith, C
Wild-Allen, K
机构
[1] Napier Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, Midlothian, Scotland
[2] Dunstaffnage Marine Res Lab, Oban PA34 4AD, Argyll, Scotland
[3] Univ Wales, Sch Ocean Sci, Bangor LL59 5EY, Gwynedd, Wales
[4] Management Unit Math Models N Sea, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
[5] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Zool, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland
关键词
North Sea; plankton; PROVESS; physical-biological models (COHERENS; ECOHAM1; ERSEM; PROWQM);
D O I
10.1016/S1385-1101(02)00182-X
中图分类号
Q17 [水生生物学];
学科分类号
071004 ;
摘要
PROWQM, a 1-D depth resolving model which couples physical and microbiological processes in the water column with sedimentation/resuspension and benthic mineralisation processes, has been used to simulate seasonal changes of chlorophyll, nutrients and oxygen at the PROVESS north site (59degrees20' N 1 degrees00' E) in the North Sea. PROWQM is derived from the 3-D model COHERENS, and improves COHEREN's benthic and pelagic biology. The physical sub-model of PROWQM implicitly solves turbulence closure equations forced by climatological, or realistic high-frequency, meteorological and tidal data. The pelagic biological sub-model 2MPPD includes a 'diatomy' microplankton (mp1) and a 'flagellatey' (or microbial loop) microplankton (mp2), the cycling of silicon and nitrogen, slow-sinking detritus, and fast-sinking phytodetritus. Phytodetritus is formed by shear-driven aggregation of particulate material, using a simple algorithm. for bulk processes that is derived by considering the interactions of single cells. The microplankton compartments include heterotrophic bacteria and protozoa as well as phytoplankton, and most microplankton rates are specified with the aid of a 'heterotroph fraction' parameter, which was 0.125 for mp1 and 0.6 for mp2. The microbiological system is closed by mesozooplankton grazing pressures imposed as time varying series determined from observed zooplankton abundance. The benthic boundary sub-model includes a superficial fluff layer and a nutrient element reservoir in the consolidated sediment. Particulate material in the fluff layer can be resuspended (in response to bed stress by near-bed flows), mineralised or carried by bioturbation into the underlying, consolidated, sediment, where it is mineralised and its nutrients returned to the water-column at rates mainly dependent on (implicit) macrobenthic pumping. Benthic denitrification can occur when mineralisation rates exceed oxygen supply. Verification of the PROWQM numerical implementation used test cases and checks for nutrient element conservation. Simulations with realistic forcing, for a range of parameter values, were compared with historic observations in the NOWESP data set and during FLEX76, and with those made during the PROVESS cruises in autumn 1998. PROWQM provided a good simulation of the seasonal succession from a diatom-dominated spring bloom to summer dominance by small flagellates. The simulations included sedimentation of organic matter from the spring bloom, and qualitatively realistic behaviour of the fluff layer, but decay rates were too slow and there was almost no denitrification. The simulated surface mixed layer was too shallow during,the summer. Simulated annual net microplankton primary production was in between 59 and 91 g C m(-2) y(-1). A large proportion of mineralisation, 28-47% of nitrogen and 40-67% of silicon mineralisation, took place as a result of the decay of sinking and resuspended detritus whilst in the water column. PROWQM is discussed in relation to other models that have been used to simulate this part of the North Sea, in particular the simpler ECOHAM1 and the more complex ERSEM, and in relation to PROWQM's, evolution from COHERENS. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:287 / 331
页数:45
相关论文
共 83 条
[41]   PLANKTON AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN MARINE WATERS [J].
LEGENDRE, L ;
RASSOULZADEGAN, F .
OPHELIA, 1995, 41 :153-172
[42]   SIMULATIONS OF THE NORTH-SEA CIRCULATION, ITS VARIABILITY, AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION AS HYDRODYNAMICAL FORCING IN ERSEM [J].
LENHART, HJ ;
RADACH, G ;
BACKHAUS, JO ;
POHLMANN, T .
NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH, 1995, 33 (3-4) :271-299
[43]   DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHYLL AND PHEO-PIGMENTS - SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EQUATIONS [J].
LORENZEN, CJ .
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, 1967, 12 (02) :343-&
[44]   Validation of turbulence closure parameterisations for stably stratified flows using the PROVESS turbulence measurements in the North Sea [J].
Luyten, PJ ;
Carniel, S ;
Umgiesser, G .
JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH, 2002, 47 (3-4) :239-267
[45]  
LUYTEN PJ, 1999, MANAGEMENT UNIT MATH, P911
[46]  
MANTOURA RFC, 1997, PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMEN, P307
[47]   Denitrification in marine sediments: A model study [J].
Middelburg, JJ ;
Soetaert, K ;
Herman, PMJ ;
Heip, CHR .
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, 1996, 10 (04) :661-673
[48]   THE SPRING BLOOM IN THE SOUTH WESTERN NORTH-SEA IN 1989 [J].
MILLS, DK ;
TETT, PB ;
NOVARINO, G .
NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH, 1994, 33 (01) :65-80
[49]   Regional distribution of primary production in the North Sea simulated by a three-dimensional model [J].
Moll, A .
JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS, 1998, 16 (1-2) :151-170
[50]   RELATION BETWEEN TOTAL QUANTA AND TOTAL ENERGY FOR AQUATIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS [J].
MOREL, A ;
SMITH, RC .
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, 1974, 19 (04) :591-600