Water organisation at the solid-aqueous solution interface

The aim of this review is to examine the present knowledge about water structure close to an interface or confined in porous spaces. First, the structure of liquid water is briefly described. Though its understanding remains incomplete, it appears that it is largely dominated by the hydrogen bond network and its dynamical evolution. The presence of any 'foreign' substance in water perturbs such a structure by changing at least locally the hydrogen bond network. For this reason, the presence of a solid interface significantly modifies the structure of the first adsorbed layers. Whatever the support, it is now clearly evidenced that structural perturbations are limited to distances lower than 10-15 Angstrom from the interface. The nature, energetic heterogeneity and hydrophilicility/hydrophobicity of the solid surface influence the arrangement of water molecules: This surface organisation must definitely be considered when studying adsorption phenomena at the solid-aqueous solution interface. The relevance of such problems to geosciences is illustrated by a few situations in which water structure plays a prominent role.