The compability with enzyme activity of unusual organic osmolytes from mangrove red algae

The effects of organic osmolytes synthesised and accumulated by red algae from mangrove habitats were investigated on the in vitro activities of two major enzymes, one of the citric acid cycle (malate dehydrogenase, MDH) and one of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH). These enzymes were extracted from the mangrove algae Bostrychia tenella, Caloglossa leprieurii, Catenella nipae and Stictosiphonia hookeri. In each case, activity of the enzymes was inhibited with increasing NaCl concentrations up to 600 mM. In contrast, equimolar concentrations of mannitol (the major osmolyte in C. leprieurii), sorbitol (the major osmolyte in B. tenella and S. hookeri) and a heteroside mixture (of which floridoside is the major osmolyte in C. nipae) did not inhibit enzyme function. Dulcitol, the second most important organic osmolyte in B. tenella, exerted no negative effect at its maximum solubility of 180 mM on the salt-sensitive MDH. These data are all consistent with the proposed function of these organic compounds as compatible solutes.