Population structure and recent evolution of Plasmodium falciparum

被引:100
作者
Rich, SM
Ayala, FJ
机构
[1] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[2] Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Div Infect Dis, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1073/pnas.97.13.6994
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Plasmodium falciparum is the agent of malignant malaria, one of mankind's most severe maladies. The parasite exhibits antigenic polymorphisms that have been postulated to be ancient. We have proposed that the extant world populations of P, falciparum have derived from one single parasite, a cenancestor, within the last 5,000-50,000 years. This inference derives from the virtual or complete absence of synonymous nucleotide polymorphisms at genes not involved in immune or drug responses. Seeking to conciliate this claim with extensive antigenic: polymorphism, we first note that allele substitutions or polymorphisms can arise very rapidly, even in a single generation, in large populations subject to strong natural selection, Second, new alleles can arise not only by single-nucleotide mutations, but also by duplication/deletion of short simple-repeat DNA sequences, a process several orders of magnitude faster than single-nucleotide mutation. We analyze three antigenic genes known to be extremely polymorphic: Csp, Msp-1, and Msp-2, We identify regions consisting of tandem or proximally repetitive short DNA sequences, including some previously unnoticed. We conclude that the antigenic: polymorphisms are consistent with the recent origin of the world populations of P, falciparum inferred from the analysis of nonantigenic genes.
引用
收藏
页码:6994 / 7001
页数:8
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