The human amygdala and the emotional evaluation of sensory stimuli

被引:799
作者
Zald, DH [1 ]
机构
[1] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol, Nashville, TN 37240 USA
关键词
emotion; face; fMRI; laterality; lesion; PET;
D O I
10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00248-5
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
A wealth of animal data implicates the amygdala in aspects of emotional processing. In recent years, functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have begun to refine our understanding of the functions of the amygdala in humans. This literature offers insights into the types of stimuli that engage the amygdala and the functional consequences that result from this engagement. Specific conclusions and hypotheses include: (1) the amygdala activates during exposure to aversive stimuli from multiple sensory modalities; (2) the amygdala responds to positively valenced stimuli, but these responses are less consistent than those induced by aversive stimuli; (3) amygdala responses are modulated by the arousal level, hedonic strength or current motivational value of stimuli; (4) amygdala responses are subject to rapid habituation; (5) the temporal characteristics of amygdala responses vary across stimulus categories and subject populations; (6) emotionally valenced stimuli need not reach conscious awareness to engage amygdala processing; (7) conscious hedonic appraisals do not require amygdala activation; (8) activation of the amygdala is associated with modulation of motor readiness, autonomic functions, and cognitive processes including attention and memory; (9) amygdala activations do not conform to traditional models of the lateralization of emotion; and (10) the extent and laterality of amygdala activations are related to factors including psychiatric status, gender and personality. The strengths and weakness of these hypotheses and conclusions are discussed with reference to the animal literature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:88 / 123
页数:36
相关论文
共 325 条
[1]   Metabolic rate in the right amygdala predicts negative affect in depressed patients [J].
Abercrombie, HC ;
Schaefer, SM ;
Larson, CL ;
Oakes, TR ;
Lindgren, KA ;
Holden, JE ;
Perlman, SB ;
Turski, PA ;
Krahn, DD ;
Benca, RM ;
Davidson, RJ .
NEUROREPORT, 1998, 9 (14) :3301-3307
[2]   Intra- and interobserver variability of MRI-based volume measurements of the hippocampus and amygdala using the manual ray tracing method [J].
Achten, E ;
Deblaere, K ;
De Wagter, C ;
Van Damme, F ;
Boon, P ;
De Reuck, J ;
Kunnen, M .
NEURORADIOLOGY, 1998, 40 (09) :558-566
[3]   Impaired declarative memory for emotional material following bilateral amygdala damage in humans [J].
Adolphs, R ;
Cahill, L ;
Schul, R ;
Babinsky, R .
LEARNING & MEMORY, 1997, 4 (03) :291-300
[4]   Emotion recognition from faces and prosody following temporal lobectomy [J].
Adolphs, R ;
Tranel, D ;
Damasio, H .
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 2001, 15 (03) :396-404
[5]   A role for the human amygdala in recognizing emotional arousal from unpleasant stimuli [J].
Adolphs, R ;
Russell, JA ;
Tranel, D .
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 1999, 10 (02) :167-171
[6]   Intact recognition of emotional prosody following amygdala damage [J].
Adolphs, R ;
Tranel, D .
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 1999, 37 (11) :1285-1292
[7]  
ADOLPHS R, 1995, J NEUROSCI, V15, P5879
[8]   IMPAIRED RECOGNITION OF EMOTION IN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWING BILATERAL DAMAGE TO THE HUMAN AMYGDALA [J].
ADOLPHS, R ;
TRANEL, D ;
DAMASIO, H ;
DAMASIO, A .
NATURE, 1994, 372 (6507) :669-672
[9]   Preferences for visual stimuli following amygdala damage [J].
Adolphs, R ;
Tranel, D .
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, 1999, 11 (06) :610-616
[10]  
AGGLETON J P, 1992, P485