Novel CD8+ T cell antagonists based on β2-microglobulin

The CD8 coreceptor of cytotoxic T lymphocytes binds to a conserved region of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules during recognition of peptidemajor histocompatibility complex (AMC) class I antigens on the surface of target cells. This event is central to the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector functions. The contribution of the AMC complex class I light chain, beta(2)-microglobulin, to CD8alphaalpha binding is relatively small and is mediated mainly through the lysine residue at position 58. Despite this, using molecular modeling, we predict that its mutation should have a dramatic effect on CD8aa binding. The predictions are confirmed using surface plasmon resonance binding studies and human CTL activation assays. Surprisingly, the charge-reversing mutation, Lys58 --> Glu, enhances beta(2)M-MHC class I heavy chain interactions. This mutation also significantly reduces CD8aa binding and is a potent antagonist of CTL activation. These results suggest a novel approach to CTL-specific therapeutic immunosuppression.