Female mice liberated for inclusion in neuroscience and biomedical research

被引:539
作者
Prendergast, Brian J. [1 ,2 ]
Onishi, Kenneth G. [1 ,2 ]
Zucker, Irving [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[2] Univ Chicago, Inst Mind & Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Psychol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
Mice; Females; Males; Sex bias; Sex differences; SEX-DIFFERENCES; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; MALES; WOMEN; BIAS;
D O I
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.001
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
010107 [宗教学]; 030301 [社会学]; 070906 [古生物学及地层学(含古人类学)];
摘要
The underrepresentation of female mice in neuroscience and biomedical research is based on the assumption that females are intrinsically more variable than males and must be tested at each of four stages of the estrous cycle to generate reliable data. Neither belief is empirically based. In a meta-analysis of 293 articles, behavioral, morphological, physiological, and molecular traits were monitored in male mice and females tested without regard to estrous cycle stage; variability was not significantly greater in females than males for any endpoint and was substantially greater in males for several traits. Group housing of mice increased variability in both males and females by 37%. Utilization of female mice in neuroscience research does not require monitoring of the estrous cycle. The prevalence of sex differences at all levels of biological organization, and limitations in generalizing findings obtained with males to females, argue for the routine inclusion of female rodents in most research protocols. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 5
页数:5
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