The impact of giraffe, rhino and elephant on the habitat of a black rhino sanctuary in Kenya

被引:59
作者
Birkett, A [1 ]
机构
[1] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Behav & Environm Biol Grp, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, England
关键词
Acacia drepanolobium; elephant; giraffe; habitat; rhinoceros;
D O I
10.1046/j.1365-2028.2002.00373.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
The habitat in an enclosed black rhino sanctuary, the Sweetwaters Game Reserve in Kenya, is being altered as populations of elephant, giraffe and black rhino increase. Height-specific browse impact data were recorded for 1075 trees of the dominant species, the whistling thorn, Acacia drepanolobium. Rhinos and elephants browsed 18% of these trees in 1 year, including 5% that were killed or removed. The remaining trees were subjected to high levels of giraffe browse and low rainfall and grew by only 7.5 cm in a year. A mathematical model has been constructed that predicts how the number of trees ha(-1) will change with time under different browsing impacts. The model compares recruitment rate with removal rate and estimates that the number of trees ha(-1) will fall by 2% per year under the current browsing impact of black rhino (0.27 per km(2)), elephant (1.1 per km(2)) and giraffe (1.9 per km(2)). In 7 years, if the rhino and elephant populations continue to increase at the current rates, tree density will be falling by 5% per year and nearly one-third of the trees will have been removed. These conditions are unsustainable and will result in habitat change and may affect rhino breeding. Several ways of alleviating the problem are discussed. L'habitat d'un sanctuaire ferme de rhinos noirs, la Sweetwaters Game Reserve, au Kenya, est en train de se transformer parce que les populations d'elephants, de girafes et de rhinos noirs augmentent. On a releve les donnees sur l'impact du broutage a chaque hauteur specifique pour 1075 arbres de l'espece dominante, Acacia drepanolobium <x>. Les rhinos et les elephants ont consomme 18% de ces arbres en un an, y compris 5% qui sont morts ou ont ete arraches. Les arbres restants ont ete victimes du broutage en hauteur des girafes et de faibles chutes de pluie et n'ont pousse que de 7.5 cm en un an. On a construit un modele mathematique qui predit comment le nombre d'arbres par hectare va changer avec le temps en fonction de differents impacts de broutage. Le modele compare le taux de repousse avec le taux de prelevement et estime que le nombre d'arbres / ha va diminuer de 2% par an avec l'impact actuel du broutage des rhinos noirs (0.27/km</x> (2) <x>), des elephants (1.1/km</x> (2) <x>) et des girafes (1.9/km</x> (2) <x>). Dans 7 ans, si les populations de rhinos et d'elephants continuent a augmenter au rythme actuel, la densite des arbres diminuera de 5% par an, et environ un tiers des arbres auront disparu. Ces conditions ne sont pas soutenables et aboutiront a une modification de l'habitat qui pourrait affecter la reproduction des rhinos. On discute de plusieurs facons de reduire le probleme.</x>
引用
收藏
页码:276 / 282
页数:7
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