Construction and characterization of a nanowell electrode array

Gold nanowell electrode arrays, with a nanowell depth of approximately 600 nm, have been prepared using commercially available anopore membranes as templates. Electrodes were prepared by forming a copper film on anopore, followed by electrodeposition of gold throughout the pore and finally removal of the copper to expose the nanowells. The electrodes were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical methods. Dodecanethiol self-assembled monolayers were found to passivate the electrode.