More stories on Th17 cells

被引:64
作者
Basso, Alexandre S. [2 ]
Cheroutre, Hilde [1 ]
Mucida, Daniel [1 ]
机构
[1] La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
[2] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
关键词
adaptive immunity; tolerance; IFN-gamma; IL-4; IL-23; TGF-beta; REGULATORY T-CELLS; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ROR-GAMMA-T; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHEMICALLY MODIFIED FLAGELLIN; TGF-BETA; RETINOIC-ACID;
D O I
10.1038/cr.2009.26
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
For more than two decades, immunologists have been using the so-called Th1/Th2 paradigm to explain most of the phenomena related to adaptive immunity. The Th1/Th2 paradigm implied the existence of two different, mutually regulated, CD4(+) T helper subsets: Th1 cells, driving cell-mediated immune responses involved in tissue damage and fighting infection against intracellular parasites; and Th2 cells that mediate IgE production and are particularly involved in eosinophilic inflammation, allergy and clearance of helminthic infections. A third member of the T helper set, IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, now called Th17 cells, was recently described as a distinct lineage that does not share developmental pathways with either Th1 or Th2 cells. The Th17 subset has been linked to autoimmune disorders, being able to produce IL-17, IL-17F and IL-21 among other inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, it has been reported that there is not only a cross-regulation among Th1, Th2 and Th17 effector cells but there is also a dichotomy in the generation of Th17 and T regulatory cells. Therefore, Treg and Th17 effector cells arise in a mutually exclusive fashion, depending on whether they are activated in the presence of TGF-beta or TGF-beta plus inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. This review will address the discovery of the Th17 cells, and recent progress on their development and regulation.
引用
收藏
页码:399 / 411
页数:13
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