THE RATE OF BINARY BLACK HOLE MERGERS INFERRED FROM ADVANCED LIGO OBSERVATIONS SURROUNDING GW150914

被引：57

作者：

Abbott, B. P. ^{[1
]}

Abbott, R. ^{[1
]}

Abbott, T. D. ^{[2
]}

Abernathy, M. R. ^{[1
]}

Acernese, F. ^{[3
,4
]}

Ackley, K. ^{[5
]}

Adams, C. ^{[6
]}

Adams, T. ^{[7
]}

Addesso, P. ^{[3
]}

Adhikari, R. X. ^{[1
]}

Adya, V. B. ^{[8
]}

Affeldt, C. ^{[8
]}

Agathos, M. ^{[9
]}

Agatsuma, K. ^{[9
]}

Aggarwal, N. ^{[10
]}

Aguiar, O. D. ^{[11
]}

Aiello, L. ^{[12
,13
]}

Ain, A. ^{[14
]}

Ajith, P. ^{[15
]}

Allen, B. ^{[8
,16
,17
]}

Allocca, A. ^{[18
,19
]}

Altin, P. A. ^{[20
]}

Anderson, S. B. ^{[1
]}

Anderson, W. G. ^{[16
]}

Arai, K. ^{[1
]}

Araya, M. C. ^{[1
]}

Arceneaux, C. C. ^{[21
]}

Areeda, J. S. ^{[22
]}

Arnaud, N. ^{[23
]}

Arun, K. G. ^{[24
]}

Ascenzi, S. ^{[13
,25
]}

Ashton, G. ^{[26
]}

Ast, M. ^{[27
]}

Aston, S. M. ^{[6
]}

Astone, P. ^{[28
]}

Aufmuth, P. ^{[8
]}

Aulbert, C. ^{[8
]}

Babak, S. ^{[29
]}

Bacon, P. ^{[30
]}

Bader, M. K. M. ^{[9
]}

Baker, P. T. ^{[31
]}

Baldaccini, F. ^{[32
,33
]}

Ballardin, G. ^{[34
]}

Ballmer, S. W. ^{[35
]}

Barayoga, J. C. ^{[1
]}

Barclay, S. E. ^{[36
]}

Barish, B. C. ^{[1
]}

Barker, D. ^{[37
]}

Barone, F. ^{[3
,4
]}

Barr, B. ^{[36
]}

机构：

[1] CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[2] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA

[3] Univ Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy

[4] Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, Sez Napoli, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy

[5] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

[6] LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, LA 70754 USA

[7] Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France

[8] Max Planck Inst Gravitatphys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany

[9] Nikhef, Sci Pk, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands

[10] MIT, LIGO, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[11] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil

[12] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-67100 Laquila, Italy

[13] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[14] Interuniv Ctr for Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India

[15] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Int Ctr Theoret Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India

[16] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA

[17] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany

[18] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[19] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[20] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia

[21] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA

[22] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA

[23] Univ Paris Sud, LAL, CNRS IN2P3, Univ Paris Saclay, F-91400 Orsay, France

[24] Chennai Math Inst, Madras 603103, Tamil Nadu, India

[25] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[26] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[27] Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[28] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[29] Max Planck Inst Gravitatphys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany

[30] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris, France

[31] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA

[32] Univ Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[33] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[34] EGO, I-56021 Pisa, Italy

[35] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA

[36] Univ Glasgow, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

[37] LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA

[38] RMKI, Wigner RCP, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary

[39] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA

[40] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[41] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[42] Univ Padua, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[43] CAMK PAN, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[44] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

[45] Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[46] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[47] RRCAT, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India

[48] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Fac Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia

[49] Univ West Scotland, SUPA, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland

[50] Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2016年 / 833卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 新加坡国家研究基金会; 俄罗斯基础研究基金会; 匈牙利科学研究基金会;

关键词：

black holes; gravitational waves; stars: massive; RAY BURST SOURCES; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; I;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8205/833/1/L1

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

A transient gravitational-wave signal, GW150914, was identified in the twin Advanced LIGO detectors on 2015 September 2015 at 09: 50: 45 UTC. To assess the implications of this discovery, the detectors remained in operation with unchanged configurations over a period of 39 days around the time of the signal. At the detection statistic threshold corresponding to that observed for GW150914, our search of the 16 days of simultaneous two-detector observational data is estimated to have a false-alarm rate (FAR) of <4.9 x 10(-6) yr(-1), yielding a p-value for GW150914 of <2 x 10(-7). Parameter estimation follow-up on this trigger identifies its source as a binary black hole (BBH) merger with component masses (m(1), m(2)) = (36(-4)(+5), 29(-4)(+4))M-circle dot at redshift z = 0.09(-0.04)(+0.03) (median and 90% credible range). Here, we report on the constraints these observations place on the rate of BBH coalescences. Considering only GW150914, assuming that all BBHs in the universe have the same masses and spins as this event, imposing a search FAR threshold of 1 per 100 years, and assuming that the BBH merger rate is constant in the comoving frame, we infer a 90% credible range of merger rates between 2-53 Gpc(-3) yr(-1)(comoving frame). Incorporating all search triggers that pass a much lower threshold while accounting for the uncertainty in the astrophysical origin of each trigger, we estimate a higher rate, ranging from 13-600 Gpc(-3) yr(-1) depending on assumptions about the BBH mass distribution. All together, our various rate estimates fall in the conservative range 2-600 Gpc(-3) yr(-1).

引用

页数：8

共 26 条

[1] Search for gravitational waves from binary black hole inspiral, merger, and ringdown in LIGO-Virgo data from 2009-2010 [J].

Aasi, J. ;

Abadie, J. ;

Abbott, B. P. ;

Abbott, R. ;

Abbott, T. D. ;

Abernathy, M. ;

Accadia, T. ;

Acernese, F. ;

Adams, C. ;

Adams, T. ;

Addesso, P. ;

Adhikari, R. ;

Affeldt, C. ;

Agathos, M. ;

Agatsuma, K. ;

Ajith, P. ;

Allen, B. ;

Allocca, A. ;

Ceron, E. Amador ;

Amariutei, D. ;

Anderson, S. B. ;

Anderson, W. G. ;

Arai, K. ;

Araya, M. C. ;

Ast, S. ;

Aston, S. M. ;

Astone, P. ;

Atkinson, D. ;

Aufmuth, P. ;

Aulbert, C. ;

Aylott, B. E. ;

Babak, S. ;

Baker, P. ;

Ballardin, G. ;

Ballmer, S. ;

Bao, Y. ;

Barayoga, J. C. B. ;

Barker, D. ;

Barone, F. ;

Barr, B. ;

Barsotti, L. ;

Barsuglia, M. ;

Barton, M. A. ;

Bartos, I. ;

Bassiri, R. ;

Bastarrika, M. ;

Basti, A. ;

Batch, J. ;

Bauchrowitz, J. ;

Bauer, Th S. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2013, 87 (02)

[2] Binary Black Hole Mergers in the First Advanced LIGO Observing Run [J].

Abbott, B. P. ;

Abbott, R. ;

Abbott, T. D. ;

Abernathy, M. R. ;

Acernese, F. ;

Ackley, K. ;

Adams, C. ;

Adams, T. ;

Addesso, P. ;

Adhikari, R. X. ;

Adya, V. B. ;

Affeldt, C. ;

Agathos, M. ;

Agatsuma, K. ;

Aggarwal, N. ;

Aguiar, O. D. ;

Aiello, L. ;

Ain, A. ;

Ajith, P. ;

Allen, B. ;

Allocca, A. ;

Altin, P. A. ;

Anderson, S. B. ;

Anderson, W. G. ;

Arai, K. ;

Araya, M. C. ;

Arceneaux, C. C. ;

Areeda, J. S. ;

Arnaud, N. ;

Arun, K. G. ;

Ascenzi, S. ;

Ashton, G. ;

Ast, M. ;

Aston, S. M. ;

Astone, P. ;

Aufmuth, P. ;

Aulbert, C. ;

Babak, S. ;

Bacon, P. ;

Bader, M. K. M. ;

Baker, P. T. ;

Baldaccini, F. ;

Ballardin, G. ;

Ballmer, S. W. ;

Barayoga, J. C. ;

Barclay, S. E. ;

Barish, B. C. ;

Barker, D. ;

Barone, F. ;

Barr, B. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW X, 2016, 6 (04)

[3] Planck 2015 results XIII. Cosmological parameters [J].

Ade, P. A. R. ;

Aghanim, N. ;

Arnaud, M. ;

Ashdown, M. ;

Aumont, J. ;

Baccigalupi, C. ;

Banday, A. J. ;

Barreiro, R. B. ;

Bartlett, J. G. ;

Bartolo, N. ;

Battaner, E. ;

Battye, R. ;

Benabed, K. ;

Benoit, A. ;

Benoit-Levy, A. ;

Bernard, J. -P. ;

Bersanelli, M. ;

Bielewicz, P. ;

Bock, J. J. ;

Bonaldi, A. ;

Bonavera, L. ;

Bond, J. R. ;

Borrill, J. ;

Bouchet, F. R. ;

Boulanger, F. ;

Bucher, M. ;

Burigana, C. ;

Butler, R. C. ;

Calabrese, E. ;

Cardoso, J. -F. ;

Catalano, A. ;

Challinor, A. ;

Chamballu, A. ;

Chary, R. -R. ;

Chiang, H. C. ;

Chluba, J. ;

Christensen, P. R. ;

Church, S. ;

Clements, D. L. ;

Colombi, S. ;

Colombo, L. P. L. ;

Combet, C. ;

Coulais, A. ;

Crill, B. P. ;

Curto, A. ;

Cuttaia, F. ;

Danese, L. ;

Davies, R. D. ;

Davis, R. J. ;

de Bernardis, P. .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2016, 594

[4] FINDCHIRP: An algorithm for detection of gravitational waves from inspiraling compact binaries [J].

Allen, Bruce ;

Anderson, Warren G. ;

Brady, Patrick R. ;

Brown, Duncan A. ;

Creighton, Jolien D. E. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2012, 85 (12)

[5]

[Anonymous], 2014, ARXIV14090522

[6]

[Anonymous], ARXIV160404324

[7]

[Anonymous], CQGRA

[8] DOUBLE COMPACT OBJECTS. I. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COMMON ENVELOPE ON MERGER RATES [J].

Dominik, Michal ;

Belczynski, Krzysztof ;

Fryer, Christopher ;

Holz, Daniel E. ;

Berti, Emanuele ;

Bulik, Tomasz ;

Mandel, Ilya ;

O'Shaughnessy, Richard .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 759 (01)

[9] Counting and confusion: Bayesian rate estimation with multiple populations [J].

Farr, Will M. ;

Gair, Jonathan R. ;

Mandel, Ilya ;

Cutler, Curt .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2015, 91 (02)

[10] COMPACT REMNANT MASS FUNCTION: DEPENDENCE ON THE EXPLOSION MECHANISM AND METALLICITY [J].

Fryer, Chris L. ;

Belczynski, Krzysztof ;

Wiktorowicz, Grzegorz ;

Dominik, Michal ;

Kalogera, Vicky ;

Holz, Daniel E. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 749 (01)

← 1 2 3 →