Potential of Enterococcus faecalis as a human fecal indicator for microbial source tracking

被引:84
作者
Wheeler, AL [1 ]
Hartel, PG [1 ]
Godfrey, DG [1 ]
Hill, JL [1 ]
Segars, WI [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA
关键词
D O I
10.2134/jeq2002.1286
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Regulatory agencies are interested in a fecal indicator bacterium with a host range limited to humans because human fecal contamination represents the greatest hazard to humans, yet is a relatively easy nonpoint source to remedy. Watersheds with human fecal contamination could be given first priority for cleanup. A fecal indicator bacterium with a host range limited to humans and a few other warm-blooded animal species would also simplify microbial source tracking because only a few animal species would be required for any host origin database. The literature suggests that the fecal indicator bacterium Enterococcus faecalis has a limited host range. On this basis, we selected this bacterium for study. Of 583 fecal streptococcal isolates obtained on Enterococcosel agar from Canada goose, cattle, deer, dog, human, chicken, and swine, 392 were considered presumptive enterococci and were subsequently speciated with the API 20 Strep system. Of these isolates, 22 were Ent. durans (5.6%), 61 were Ent. faecalis (15.6%), 98 were Ent. faecium (25.0%), 86 were Ent. gallinarum (21.9%), and 125 were unidentified (31.9%). The host range of the Ent. faecalis isolates was limited to dogs, humans, and chickens. Media were developed to isolate and identify Ent. faecalis quickly from fecal samples and this scheme eliminated Ent. faecalis isolates from dogs. When the remaining Ent. faecalis isolates were ribotyped, it was possible to differentiate clearly among the isolates from human and chicken. It may be that combining the potentially limited host range of Ent. faecalis with ribotyping is useful for prioritizing watersheds with fecal contamination.
引用
收藏
页码:1286 / 1293
页数:8
相关论文
共 35 条
[1]   Distribution of core oligosaccharide types in lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli [J].
Amor, K ;
Heinrichs, DE ;
Frirdich, E ;
Ziebell, K ;
Johnson, RP ;
Whitfield, C .
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, 2000, 68 (03) :1116-1124
[2]  
[Anonymous], STANDARD METHODS EXA
[3]  
[Anonymous], 1994, METHOD MOL CELL BIOL
[4]   Strain-specific differentiation of environmental Escherichia coli isolates via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region [J].
Buchan, A ;
Alber, M ;
Hodson, RE .
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY, 2001, 35 (03) :313-321
[5]   Identification of fecal Escherichia coli from humans and animals by ribotyping [J].
Carson, CA ;
Shear, BL ;
Ellersieck, MR ;
Asfaw, A .
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2001, 67 (04) :1503-1507
[6]   CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM THE INTESTINES OF ANIMALS [J].
DEVRIESE, LA ;
VANDEKERCKHOVE, A ;
KILPPERBALZ, R ;
SCHLEIFER, KH .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, 1987, 37 (03) :257-259
[7]   MEASURES OF THE AMOUNT OF ECOLOGIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SPECIES [J].
DICE, LR .
ECOLOGY, 1945, 26 (03) :297-302
[8]   Use of repetitive DNA sequences and the PCR to differentiate Escherichia coli isolates from human and animal sources [J].
Dombek, PE ;
Johnson, LK ;
Zimmerley, ST ;
Sadowsky, MJ .
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2000, 66 (06) :2572-2577
[9]   An introduction to the hows and whys of molecular typing [J].
Farber, JM .
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, 1996, 59 (10) :1091-1101
[10]   Simultaneous detection and differentiation of Escherichia coli populations from environmental freshwaters by means of sequence variations in a fragment of the β-D-glucuronidase gene [J].
Farnleitner, AH ;
Kreuzinger, N ;
Kavka, GG ;
Grillenberger, S ;
Rath, J ;
Mach, RL .
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2000, 66 (04) :1340-1346