Multicenter investigation of 1,036 subjects using a standardized method for the assessment of olfactory function combining tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds

被引:644
作者
Kobal, G
Klimek, L
Wolfensberger, M
Gudziol, H
Temmel, A
Owen, CM
Seeber, H
Pauli, E
Hummel, T
机构
[1] Univ Dresden, Dept ORL, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
[2] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Pharmacol, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
[3] Univ Mainz, Dept ORL, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
[4] Univ Basel, Dept ORL, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
[5] Univ Jena, Dept ORL, D-07740 Jena, Germany
[6] Univ Vienna, Dept ORL, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
[7] Swinburne Univ Technol, Sch Biophys Sci & Elect Engn, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia
[8] Clin ORL, D-06847 Dessau, Germany
[9] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Neurol, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
关键词
olfaction; identification; discrimination; thresholds; age-related changes;
D O I
10.1007/s004050050223
中图分类号
R76 [耳鼻咽喉科学];
学科分类号
100213 ;
摘要
Sniffin' Sticks is a test of nasal chemosensory performance that is based on penlike odor-dispensing devices. It is comprised of three tests of olfactory function: tests for odor threshold, discrimination and identification. Previous work has already established its test-retest reliability and validity in comparison to established measures of olfactory sensitivity. The results of this test are presented as a composite TDI score - i.e., the sum of results obtained for threshold, discrimination and identification measures. The present multicenter investigation aimed at providing normative values in relation to different age groups. To this end, 966 patients were investigated in 11 centers. An additional study tried to establish values for the identification of anosmic patients, with 70 anosmics investigated in five specialized centers where the presence of anosmia was confirmed by means of olfactory evoked potentials. For healthy subjects, the TDT score at the 10th percentile was 24.5 in subjects younger than 15 years, 30.3 for ages from 16 to 35 years, 28.8 for ages from 36 to 55 years and 27.5 for subjects older than 55 years. While these data can be used to estimate individual olfactory abilities in relation to a subject's age, hy posmia was defined as the 10th percentile score of 16- to 35-year-old subjects. Our latter study revealed that none of 70 anosmics reached a TDI score higher than 15. This score of 15 is regarded as the cut-off value for functional anosmia. These results provide the basis for the routine clinical evaluation of patients with olfactory disorders using "Sniffin' Sticks."
引用
收藏
页码:205 / 211
页数:7
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