Metabolism and functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid

被引:823
作者
Shelp, BJ
Bown, AW
McLean, MD
机构
[1] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Div Biotechnol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
[2] Brock Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
D O I
10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01486-7
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In plants, stress initiates a signal-transduction pathway, in which increased cytosolic Ca2+ activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase activity and GABA synthesis. Elevated H+ and substrate levels can also stimulate glutamate decarboxylase activity. GABA accumulation probably is mediated primarily by glutamate decarboxylase. However, more information is needed concerning the control of the catabolic mitochondrial enzymes (GABA transaminase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase) and the intracellular and intercellular transport of GABA. Experimental evidence supports the involvement of GABA synthesis in pH regulation, nitrogen storage, plant development and defence, as well as a compatible osmolyte and an alternative pathway for glutamate utilization. There is a need to identify the genes of enzymes involved in GABA metabolism, and to generate mutants with which to elucidate the physiological function(s) of GABA in plants.
引用
收藏
页码:446 / 452
页数:7
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