Hierarchy of Evidence: Where Observational Studies Fit in and Why We Need Them

被引：83

作者：

Hoppe, Daniel J.

Schemitsch, Emil H.

Morshed, Saam

Tornetta, Paul, III

Bhandari, Mohit

机构：

[1] Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2

[2] Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6

[3] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110

[4] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, 818 Harrison Avenue

来源：

JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME | 2009年 / 91A卷

关键词：

TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; RISK; FRACTURE; SURGERY; MORTALITY; EVALUATE; PLACEBO;

D O I：

10.2106/JBJS.H.01571

中图分类号：

R826.8 [整形外科学]; R782.2 [口腔颌面部整形外科学]; R726.2 [小儿整形外科学]; R62 [整形外科学（修复外科学）];

学科分类号：

摘要：

Although randomized controlled designs are considered the so-called gold standard in medical trials and sit atop the hierarchy of evidence in evidence-based medicine, there are situations in which they are impractical or unethical to undertake, especially in surgical trials. Then, observational studies often provide the best source of information. In this paper, we use examples from the literature to explain the importance of observational studies in furthering the boundaries of orthopaedic surgery and knowledge of musculoskeletal disorders.

引用

页码：2 / 9

页数：8

共 39 条

[1]

*ALLHAT OFF COORD, 2002, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V288, P2981, DOI DOI 10.1001/JAMA.288.23.2981

[2]

[Anonymous], MCMASTER U MED J

[3] Creating and synthesizing evidence with decision makers in mind - Integrating evidence from clinical trials and other study designs [J].