Arachidonic acid activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-activated protein kinase 2 and mediates adhesion of a human breast carcinoma cell line to collagen type IV through a p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathway

Adhesion of metastatic human mammary carcinoma MDA-MB-435 cells to the basement membrane protein collagen type TV can be activated by treatment with arachidonic acid. We initially observed that this arachidonic acid-mediated adhesion was inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, Therefore, we examined the role of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated pathways in arachidonic acid-stimulated cell adhesion. Arachidonic acid stimulated the phosphorylation of p38, the activation of MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2, a downstream substrate of p38), and the phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (a downstream substrate of MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2), Treatment with the p38 inhibitor PD169316 completely and specifically inhibited arachidonic acid-mediated cell adhesion to collagen type TV. p38 activity was specifically associated with arachidonic acid-stimulated adhesion; this was demonstrated by the observation that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-activated cell adhesion was not blocked by inhibiting p38 activity. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2 were also activated by arachidonic acid; however, cell adhesion to collagen type TV was not highly sensitive to PD98059, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase/ERK kinase 1 (MEK1) that blocks activation of the ERKs. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase was not activated by arachidonic acid treatment of these cells. Together, these data suggest a novel role for p38 MAP kinase in regulating adhesion of breast cancer cells to collagen type IV.