Rapid tranquillisation of violent or agitated patients in a psychiatric emergency setting -: Pragmatic randomised trial of intramuscular lorazepam v. haloperidol plus promethazine

Background The pharmacological management of violence in people with psychiatric disorders is under-researched. Aims. To compare interventions commonly used for controlling agitation violence in people with serious disorders. Method We randomised 200 people receive intramuscular lorazepam (4 mg) or intramuscular haloperidol (10 mg) promethazine (25-50 mg mix). Results At blinded assessments 4 h later (99.5% follow-up), equal numbers both groups (96%) were tranquil or asleep. However, 76% given the haloperidol-promethazine mix were asleep compared with 45% of those allocated lorazepam (RR=2.29,95% CI 1.59-3.39; NNT=3.2,95% CI 2.3-5.4) haloperidol-promethazine-mix a faster onset of tranquillisation/sedation and more clinical improvement over the first 2 h. Neither intervention differed significantly in the need for additional intervention or physical restraints,numbers absconding, or adverse effects. Conclusions Both interventions are effective for controlling violent/agitated behaviour. If speed of sedation is required, the haloperid-promethazine combination has advantages over lorazepam. Declaration of interest None.