The intercalation of carboxylic acids into layered double hydroxides: A critical evaluation and review of the different methods

This review paper details the literature which is currently available concerning the intercalation of aliphatic and aromatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids into layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and their calcined oxides (LDOs). We present a critical overview of the major synthetic routes and detail, where possible, the main mechanisms of intercalation. The structure of the intercalates formed in the various methods is also detailed. A discussion of the main techniques of analysis which may be applied to these materials is also presented along with an empirical method for accurately determining C-13 chemical shifts.