Comparison of the pro-oxidative and proinflammatory effects of organic diesel exhaust particle chemicals in bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages

被引:269
作者
Li, N
Wang, MY
Oberley, TD
Sempf, JM
Nel, AE
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Allergy, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[2] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Pathol Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA
[3] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
关键词
D O I
10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4531
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Inhaled diesel exhaust particles (DEP) exert proinflammatory effects in the respiratory tract. This effect is related to the particle content of redox cycling chemicals and is involved in the adjuvant effects of DEP in atopic sensitization. We demonstrate that organic chemicals extracted from DEP induce oxidative stress in normal and transformed bronchial epithelial cells, leading to the expression of heme oxygenase 1, activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase cascade, IL-8 production, as well as induction of cytotoxicity. Among these effects, heme oxygenase 1 expression is the most sensitive marker for oxidative stress, while c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and induction of apoptosis-necrosis require incremental amounts of the organic chemicals and increased levels of oxidative stress. While a macrophage cell line (THP-1) responded in similar fashion; epithelial cells produced more superoxide radicals and were more susceptible to cytotoxic effects than macrophages. Cytotoxicity is the result of mitochondrial damage, which manifests as ultramicroscopic changes in organelle morphology, a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide production, and ATP depletion. Epithelial cells also differ from macrophages in not being protected by a thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, which effectively protects macrophages against cytotoxic DEP chemicals. These findings show that epithelial cells exhibit a hierarchical oxidative stress response that differs from that of macrophages by more rapid transition from cytoprotective to cytotoxic responses., Moreover, epithelial cells are not able to convert N-acetylcysteine to cytoprotective glutathione.
引用
收藏
页码:4531 / 4541
页数:11
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